薄层色谱分离混合染料的实验改进

Improved Experiment of Separating Mixed Dyes by Thin Layer Chromatography

针对化学实验教学项目“薄层色谱法分离混合染料”所用展开剂毒性较大且存在污染等问题,对该实验进行了改进。通过对展开剂组成、比例及用量的考察,比较分离效果与Rf值,最终筛选出用乙酸乙酯和石油醚混合溶液（体积比为1∶14）作为展开剂替代苯来分离二甲基黄、苏丹Ⅲ混合染料。实验结果表明：该展开剂分离效果明显,斑点清晰,且低毒,符合现代绿色化学实验要求。

For eluent used in experiment of separating mixed dyes by thin layer chromatogra- phy with high toxicity and pollution problems, this paper improved the experiment by adjusting the compositions, proportion and volume of eluent. The final selection of mixed solvents of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether （1 ： 14） was used as an alternative to separate mixed dyes. The ex- periment results showed that the separation effect of the eluent was obvious, the spots were clear, and the eluent had low toxicity, which conforming to the requirements of the modern green chemistry experiment.