纳米氧化镍致大鼠肺毒性实验研究

An experimental study on nano-nickel oxide-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats

目的探讨纳米氧化镍急性染毒致大鼠急性肺毒性的研究。方法将50只Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,按体质量（180~220 g）分为5组,分别为0.9%氯化钠注射液对照组、微米氧化镍对照组（20 mg/ml）及纳米氧化镍（0.8、4、20 mg/ml）组。以非暴露式气管滴注法染毒,3 d 1次,染尘15 d后,腹主动脉抽血处死。分别对肺泡灌洗液和血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶的含量进行检测。结果大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、乳酸脱氢酶活力、碱性磷酸酶活力和酸性磷酸酶活力与0.9%氯化钠注射液对照组相比,纳米氧化镍中、高剂量组均升高且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,各剂量组血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平的变化与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,纳米染毒剂量组之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,同等剂量纳米与微米染毒组间的差异也无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论纳米氧化镍可能对大鼠肺组织有急性毒性,且有剂量效应关系。

Objective To determine the nano-nickel oxide （NiO）-induced acute pulmonary toxicity in rats. Methods Fifty Wistar rats （180-220 g）, with a male to female ratio of 1：1, were randomly divided into five groups： normal saline control group, micron NiO control group （20 mg/ml） and nano-NiO （0.8, 4, and 20 mg/ml） groups. The rats were poisoned by non-contact intratracheal instillation once every 3 days for 15 days. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed by abdominal aortic blood evacuation. The levels of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, acid phos- phatase and lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of rats were determined. Results Compared with normal saline control group, the total protein and albumin levels, activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in BALF of rats receiving moderate and high-dose nano-NiO were significantly elevated （P〈0.05）. However, there were no statistical differences in the total protein and albumin levels, activi- ties of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in serum between nano-NiO groups and normal saline control group （P〉0.05）, or between nano-NiO groups receiving different doses （P〉0.05）. The difference between groups receiving nano-NiO and micron NiO of a same dose was also of no statistical significance （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Nano-NiO may induce acute pulmonary toxicity in rats with a dose-response relationship.