山东省城市初中学生健康素养影响因素分析

Influence factor analysis on health literacy among city middle school students in Shandong Province

目的 了解山东省城市初中学生的健康素养水平及影响因素,为进行青少年健康素养干预提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,在山东省16个市各抽取1所城市初中学校,使用自行设计的调查问卷,采用自填、匿名、集体调查的方式,对12458名城市初中学生进行横断面调查。结果 山东省城市初中学生具备健康素养的比例为14.6%,具备基本知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养比例分别为13.0%、17.7%和50.5%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,初中生健康素养总体水平的主要影响因素有性别（OR=1.129,95%CI：1.019～1.251）、年级（OR=1.221,95%CI：1.142～1.305）、自评学习成绩（OR=1.220,95%CI：1.167～1.276）、父亲文化程度（OR=1.193,95%CI：1.104～1.289）和母亲文化程度（OR=1.193,95%CI：1.107～1.285）,母亲职业对健康素养总体水平没有影响,但对基本知识和理念素养（OR=1.042,95%CI：1.015～1.07）、健康生活方式与行为素养（OR=1.031,95%CI：1.008～1.056）、基本技能素养（OR=1.043,95%CI：1.024～1.062）均有影响。结论 山东省城市初中学生健康素养水平较低,影响健康素养的因素很多,包括个体、家庭及学校等多方面的因素。

Objective To learn the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among city middle school students in Shandong Province, and provide scientific basis for interventions. Methods By convenience sampling, 12 458 city middle school students of Shandong Province were chosen and investigated. A self-administered anonymous questionaire was designed by the researchers and the survey was conducted by trained investigators in each class. Results The total prevalence of adequate health literacy of middle school students was 14. 6% , and 13.0% of the students had basic knowledge and concept literacy, 17.7% of them had health lifestyle and behavior literacy, 50. 5% of them had basic skill literacy. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the health literacy capacity of middle school students was influenced by sex （OR=1.129, 95%CI： 1.019-1.251）, grade （OR=1.221, 95%CI： 1.142-1.305）, selfrating academic performance （OR = 1. 220, 95% CI： 1. 167 - 1. 276） , education level of father （ OR = 1. 193, 95% CI： 1. 104 - 1. 289） and mother （ OR = 1. 193, 95% CI： 1. 107 - 1. 285）. Although mother＇ s occupation didn＇t influence the health literacy capacity, basic knowledge and concept literacy （ OR = 1. 042, 95% CI： 1. 015 - 1.07） , health lifestyle and behavior literacy （OR = 1. 031 , 95% CI： 1. 008 - 1. 056） , basic skill literacy （ OR = 1. 043, 95% CI： 1. 024 - 1. 062） were all influenced by mother＇ s occupation. Condusion The health literacy level of city middle school students in Shandoug Province was low and was influenced by many factors such as individual, family and school factors.