子宫肌瘤的病因学研究进展

Research Progress of Etiology of Uterine Leiomyomas

子宫肌瘤是女性生殖系统最常见的良性肿瘤,其发病因素众多,具体机制尚不明确。种族、遗传等内在因素以及不良饮食及生活习惯、肥胖、盆腔炎等妇科疾病都有可能成为子宫肌瘤发生、发展的危险因素和诱因。同时,雌、孕激素及其受体的协同作用促进了子宫肌瘤的发生、发展。此外,MED12基因突变、细胞外基质过度堆积、生长因子的作用以及染色体重排和DNA低甲基化等分子机制都参与了子宫肌瘤的发生与发展。

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign reproductive tumor in women, and there are many factors lead to it. But the specific pathogenesis is still uncertain. Not only internal factors： race, heredity etc. and also external factors such as poor diet and lifestyle, obesity and pelvic inflammatory disease and such gynecological diseases are likely to become the risk factors or incentives to uterineleiomyomas. At the same time,the synergy of estrogen, progesterone and their receptors promote the development of uterineleio- myomas. In addition, MED12 mutation, excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, the effect of growth fac- tors, chromosomal rearrangements and DNA hypomethylation and so on molecular mechanisms are all involved in the occurrence and development of the uterine leiomyomas.