关注行政行为“不法”还是原告之“损害”——勘定《行政诉讼法》第1条修改后的行政诉讼标的

The Concentration on “Illegality” of the Administrative Action or “Damage” of the Accuser——An Examination on the Item 1 Revised Administrative Procedure Object of the Administrative Procedure Law

行政诉讼标的与行政诉讼目的具有一定的对应关系。我国行政诉讼目的偏重于"形成行政法治",行政法学界沿袭这一诉讼目的将行政诉讼标的设定为"具体行政行为的合法性"。应当说,形成行政法治的国家目标从长远而言有利于相对人的权益保护,但就个案而论,从原告以私人财力启动诉讼程序的目的出发,这种假借私人主观诉讼激励实现行政法治的客观国家目标偏离了主观诉讼原理,这也是中国行政诉讼制度被虚置的重要原因之一。因此,行政诉讼目的应当回归到权利救济的原理性状态,诉讼标的也应结合原因事实以诉讼请求为基础加以特定,而不能以仅具中间性价值的"具体行政行为的合法性"为审理、判决的中心。

The administrative procedure object and the administrative procedure purpose have a certain corresponding relationship.China＇s administrative procedure purpose is inclined to ＂formation of rule of administrative law＂,and the field of administrative law follows the procedure purpose to set the administrative procedure object into ＂legitimacy of the specific administrative action＂.We should say that formation of the national goal of rule of administrative law is conductive to the relative person＇s protection of rights and interests in the long term.But in the matter of the individual case,the departure of the accuser using private financial ability to start the purpose of procedure procedures,the objective national goal that makes use of the private subjective procedure to motivate and realize rule of administrative law deviates from the subjective procedure theory,which is also one of important reasons for China＇s administrative procedure system to be set without any use.Therefore,the administrative procedure purpose should be back to the theoretical state of right relief,the procedure object should also combine cause facts based on the procedure request to make it specific,and ＂legitimacy of the specific administrative action＂ that only has in-between value can not be as the core of trial and sentence.