石峁外城东门址和早期城建技术

Construction Techniques of the East Gate in the Outer Wall of Shimao and Early Walled-Towns in China

本文在重点考察石峁外城东门址的规划设计、建筑材料和结构技术的基础上,通过同期中国北方和中原城址及世界早期城建相关实例的比较,尝试复原了外城东门的形状、高度和大门位置。作者认为石峁遗址外城东门址是中国史前城建史上规划最为复杂、设施最为齐备的实例,对研究早期建筑技术和城建史具有重要意义。

The East gate at Shimao dating back to 2,300-1,800 B.C. was brought to light by the 2011-2015 season archaeological work. This paper, focusing on the architectural remains at the site, assesses its architectonic makeup. Based on our analysis of the East gate, towers and walls, their forms and layout are reconstructed. This study also compares the architectures at Shimao with other contemporary examples in China and around the world. The comparative study reveals that the technology and structure at Shimao had no parallels in pre-historical China, and suggests that the proto-wengcheng （lit. ＇jar city＇） and forerunner of the mamian （bastions） already emerged at Shimao. The authors argue that the east gate along the exterior city wall of Shimao site is an example of the most complicated, delicately designed and fully equipped defensive facility in Neolithic China. It is of great significance to the research of ancient construction technology and the history of urban construction in China.