汽车悬挂系统的结构强度分析与优化

Structure Strength Analysis and Optimization of Automobile Suspension System

由于钢板弹簧作为汽车悬挂系统的重要组成部件,宽度对悬挂有很大影响,宽度过宽会降低汽车的舒适性,过窄又会使板簧刚度不够,容易折断。传统悬挂优化方法采用多目标算法,忽略单一变量对板簧性能的影响;多为静态分析,忽略板簧的动态特性。针对某轻型载货汽车前悬挂的变截面钢板弹簧,提出一种有限元动态分析方法,建立三种不同宽度板簧模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对其进行模态分析。前五阶模态分析结果表明,在满足刚度需求的前提下增加钢板弹簧宽度会降低汽车的行驶平顺性和舒适性。再对汽车悬挂系统结构进行改进,通过添加橡胶减震垫来改善钢板弹簧受力状况,结果表明,橡胶减震垫可减少钢板弹簧应力集中,并可保证钢板弹簧的强度。

Leaf spring as an important component of automobile suspension system,its width has a great influence on automobile suspension. The paper proposed a finite element design method for the leaf spring of a light truck front suspension. Three kinds of steel spring models with different widths were established,and the modal analysis was carried out using the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench. The first five order modal analysis results show that,on the premise of meeting the requirement of stiffness,increasing the width of the leaf spring can reduce the comfort of driving. Then changing the automobile suspension system structure,the results show that adding rubber damping pad can improve the spring stress condition,and reduce the spring broken caused by stress concentration.