陕北煤田生态潜水保护与矿井水害预防对策

Countermeasures of ecologic phreatic water protection and mine water disaster prevention in northern Shaanxi Coalfield

为了在开采陕北侏罗纪煤田煤炭资源的同时对具有重要生态意义的第四系萨拉乌苏组潜水含水层实施有效保护,基于煤田特殊的煤层-地下水空间组合关系,采用试验对比方法,研究了煤炭高强度开采对生态潜水流场的扰动规律,提出了旨在保护地下水资源和预防矿井水害的生态潜水流场优化调控策略。研究结果表明:采煤对生态潜水流场的扰动强度取决于导水断裂带对关键隔水层的破坏程度;导水断裂带发育高度主要受煤层开采强度控制;通过选取限高开采、分层开采、充填开采、限面积开采、条带开采等采煤工艺控制导水断裂带发育高度,使关键隔水层不受破坏,是实现保水采煤目标的有效途径;在条件适宜的井田实施上行开采有利于保护地下水资源和矿井安全。

In order to mine the coal resources of northern Shaanxi Jurassic Coalfield and while to actively protect the phreatic aquifer in the Quaternary Salawusu Formation with important ecological significances,based on the Coalfield special seam- underground water space combined relationship,an experiment comparison method was applied to study the high intensity coal mining to the interference law of the ecologic phreatic water flow field and provided the optimized adjustment and control strategy of the ecologic phreatic water flow field in order to protect the underground water resources and to prevent and control the mine water disaster. The study results showed that the coal mining interference intensity to the ecologic phreatic water flow field would depend on the water flowing crack zone to the failure degree of the key water isolated layer. The development height of the water flowing crack zone was mainly controlled by the mining intensity of the seam. The height limit mining,slicing mining,backfill mining,area limit mining,tripe mining and other coal mining technique were applied to control the development height of the water flowing crack zone and to protect the key water isolated layer without any failure and could be an effective access to realize the target of the water keeping coal mining. In the coalfield with above suitable conditions,the above mining technology conducted would be favorable to the protect the underground water resources and the mine safety.