脑微出血与相关疾病的研究进展

Research progress of cerebral microbleeds and associated diseases

脑微出血(CMB)是脑内微小血管破裂或渗漏所致,使含铁血黄素及脱氧血红蛋白沉积为主要特征的亚临床损害。研究发现,高血压、脑卒中、脑白质疏松、认知功能损害等与CMB有密切联系。其中高血压、淀粉样脑血管病患者CMB检出率较高,且分布各有特点。CMB是引起脑梗死复发、出血性转化及认知功能障碍、情感障碍的重要原因。同时,CMB可能对再发脑出血有预测价值。CMB已受到国内外学者广泛关注,深入研究其与相关疾病的发病机制,早期发现相关危险因素并采取有效措施干预,对CMB的形成和有效防控有重要的指导意义。

Cerebral microbleeds is a kind of subclinical lesion whose main characteristics are hemosiderin and deoxyhemoglobin deposition due to cerebral microvessel rupture or leakage. So far studies demonstrate that CMB is strongly associated with hypertension, stroke, leukoaraiosis and cognitive impairment. The detection rate of CMB in patients with hypertension and amyloid cerebrovascular disease is higher,and the distribution is of different characteristics. CMB is an important cause of recurrent cerebral infarction, hemorrhagic transformation, cognitive dysfunction and affective disorder. Moreover, CMB may have predictive value of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. CMB arouse extensive attention in recent years,further research on the relationship between CMB and correlated diseases, early detection of associated risk factors and taking effect efforts are of certain guiding significance to prevent CMB.