社区老年人群伴发抑郁和(或)焦虑的研究进展

Advance research of the elderly with depression and/or anxiety in community

社会老龄化进程使老年群体的心理健康日益受到关注。社区老年人群心理问题最多见的是抑郁和（或）焦虑障碍，因诊断标准、测量工具等不同造成其发病率有较大差异性，老年期抑郁和（或）焦虑发生率大致为11％-49％。老年期抑郁和（或）焦虑受社会人口学、个性、躯体疾病等多种因素的影响。对于老年期抑郁和（或）焦虑主要是药物治疗和非药物治疗（包括认知行为治疗及心理支持等），但因药物的可接受程度和非药物治疗专业性的局限而不利于广泛推广，今后研究方向应在提高全科医师对精神障碍识别率基础上建立并推广简便、易操作的社区心理干预模式。

Social aging process makes the mental health of the elderly attract more and more attention. The most common psychological problems of old people in community are depression and/or anxiety disorder. Because of different diagnostic criteria, measuring tools, the incidence is of great difference, the incidence of depression/anxiety in the elderly is roughly 11% to 49%. Elderly depression/anxiety are influenced by many factors, including social demography, personality and physical disease etc. The treatments of senile depression/anxiety are mainly drug therapy and non-drug therapy （including cognitive behavioral therapy and psychological support, etc. ）, but they are not widely used due to the acceptability of the drug and professional limitations of non-drug treatment. Future research should establish and promote community mental intervention model which is simple and easy to operate on the basis of improving the general practitioners＇ recognition rate of mental disorders.