社区慢性病老年妇女自我保健现状调查研究

Investigation and analysis on the current situation of self-care of elderly women with chronic diseases in communities

目的研究慢性病老年妇女自我保健现状,并分析其影响因素,为提高慢性病老年妇女自我保健提供科学依据。方法 2015年6-9月,采用自行设计的调查问卷,对500例≥60岁的社区慢性病老年妇女进行问卷调查。结果共发放500份调查问卷,回收500份,回收率100.0%。剔除无效问卷12份,有效问卷488份,有效率为97.6%。被调查的488例老年妇女中,58.0%的慢性病老年妇女注重自我保健,主要采取的保健方式为规律生活、控制饮食、体育锻炼,其次为服用保健药物、定期参加体检、自我监测疾病发展等。单因素分析显示,年龄、文化程度、医疗背景、既往职业、个人月收入对慢性病病老年妇女的自我保健有统计学意义,P<0.05。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(Wald=7.426)、文化程度(Wald=14.971)、个人月收入(Wald=6.212)对慢性病老年妇女自我保健的影响具有统计学意义,P均<0.05。结论慢性病老年妇女的自我保健有待提高,应加强健康教育,增强慢性病老年妇女的自我保健意识,改善慢性病老年妇女的自我保健行为,提高慢性病老年妇女的生活质量。

Objective To research the current situation of self- care of elderly women with chronic diseases,analyze the influencing factors,provide a scientific basis for improving self- care of elderly women with chronic diseases. Methods From June to September in2015,a self- designed questionnaire was used to survey 500 women aged or more than 60 years old with chronic diseases in communities.Results A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed,500 valid questionnaires were retrieved,the effective recovery rate was 100. 0%.Twelve invalid questionnaires were eliminated,488 valid questionnaires were obtained,the effective rate was 97. 6%. Among 488 women,58. 0% of them paid attention to self- care through regular life,diet control,and physical exercise,followed by taking health protection medicines,receiving physical examiantion regularly,and self- monitoring of disease development. Univariate analysis showed that age,educational level,health insurance status,work status,and monthly income had significant impact on the self- care of the elderly women with chronic diseases（ P〈0. 05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that age（ Wald = 6. 920）,educational level（ Wald = 14. 733）,monthly income（ Wald = 5. 915） had significant impact on self- care of the elderly women with chronic diseases（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Self-care of elderly women with chronic diseases needs to be improved. Health education and self- care consciousness should be strengthened among elderly women with chronic diseases,self- care behaviors of elderly women with chronic diseases should be improved to improve the quality of life of these women.