上皮细胞间紧密连接功能的研究进展

Research progress on the function of epithelial tight junction

紧密连接(tight junction,TJ)广泛存在于所有上皮或内皮细胞间连接的最顶端,是物质经旁细胞途径转运的结构和功能基础。TJ是由跨膜蛋白和胞浆蛋白两大类构成的大分子复合物,主要行使"屏障"和"栅栏"功能,前者可对物质的大小和电荷进行选择,进而调控旁细胞途径的物质转运;后者则通过调控顶膜和基底侧膜两个功能区之间的脂质和蛋白等物质的自由弥散形成高度极性化的细胞。近年来,关于TJ在各种上皮细胞中的作用及调控机制的研究日益增多。本文重点综述了上皮细胞间TJ研究的最新进展,包括TJ的构成、结构和功能检测以及调控机制,并以几类研究比较集中的上皮类型为例介绍TJ研究的现状,这将为防治与TJ改变相关的上皮屏障功能障碍性疾病提供新的思路。

Tight junctions （TJs） are widely expressed in the most apical portion of both epithelial and endothelial cell-cell interactions, serving as a structural and functional basis for material transport through the paracellular pathway. TJs are multi-protein complex composed of transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins. TJs constitute pores allowing materials with specific size and electrical charge to pass through the paracellular pathway, which is so called “barrier” function. Besides, TJs also separate the lumen and interstitial space of epithelium and endothelium by the function of “fence”. Recently, there is increasing body of evidence regarding the crucial role of TJs, together with the possible signaling pathways, in many epithelial cells, such as salivary, airway, intestinal and renal epithelial cells. The present review focuses on the latest research progresses on TJs, including TJ’s composing, structure, and function measurement, as well as the mechanisms for modulating TJ’s functions in some important epithelial cell types. We hope that the review may provide new insight into the therapeutic strategy of epithelium-related disease by targeting TJs.