内质网-细胞膜连接对细胞内钙稳态的影响及其在心血管疾病中的意义

Role of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions in intracellular calcium homeostasis and cardiovascular disease

钙超载是心血管疾病发生的重要机制之一。内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)是调控细胞内钙、维持钙稳态的重要细胞器,它通过钙摄取、钙存储以及钙转运这三种方式对细胞内钙进行调控,其中,ER相关的钙转运是钙信号传递的中心环节。ER通过其特殊的结构广泛分布于细胞内,其膜上具有众多的连接位点,新近的研究报道这些连接位点可与细胞膜(plasma membrane,PM)和细胞器膜(例如线粒体、溶酶体、高尔基体等)形成连接,进而实现钙离子的转运。本文对内质网-细胞膜连接(endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions,ER-PM连接)及相关心血管疾病病理、生理学过程的研究进展作一综述,为防治心血管疾病提供理论依据。

Calcium overload is one of the important mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. Endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle which regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis by uptake, storage and mobilization of calcium. So it plays a critical role in regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum, which is widely distributed in cytoplasm, has a large number of membrane junction sites. Recent studies have reported that these junction sites are distributed on plasma membrane and organelle membranes （mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, etc.）, separately. They could form complexes to regulate calcium transport. In this review, we briefly outlined the recent research progresses of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions in intracellular calcium homeostasis and cardiovascular disease, which may offer a new strategy for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.