薄壳山核桃无性系果实经济性状与品质比较

A Comparative Study on the Nut Economy and Quality Characters of Carya illinoensis Clones

针对薄壳山核桃低产林分多且果实品质差,经济效益低等问题,旨在筛选出果实经济性状和品质优良的栽培无性系,对27个薄壳山核桃无性系果实的各性状进行比较,其中1号、5号、8号、19号、28号、34号和35号无性系的果实经济性状优于其他无性系,初步认为这7个无性系为优良的无性系并可进行筛选。脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖,脂肪酸相对含量的变异系数均小于20%,比较稳定;无性系28号、17号为优良的无性系,其果实脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数均高于其他无性系,分别达到92.43%、92.33%,饱和脂肪酸的质量分数均低于其他无性系,分别为7.26%、7.46%;不饱和脂肪酸中,油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关关系,相关指数为-0.98,且油酸和亚油酸总量的相对含量基本不变,即薄壳山核桃果实中的不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量比较稳定。对果实品质的综合分析得出:无性系1号、7号、8号、12号、19号、23号、26号也可与马罕一起作为主栽品种种植。

This paper aimed to filter out clones with its excellent nut traits on economy and quality against more low - yielding pecan forest, poor nut quality and low economic benefits. The nut economy and quality characters of 27 Carya illinoensis clones were compared by the methods of sampling,measurement and analysis, among which nut eco- nomic character of No. 1,5,8,19,28,34 and 35 clones were superior to that of other. It was preliminarily considered that these seven clones was excellent clones and could be screened. Fat percentage, protein percentage, soluble sugar percentage and variable coefficient of relative content of fat acid were less than 20% and stable. The clones No. 28 and No. 17 could be identified as the excellent clones because of its unsaturated fatty acid higher than that of other clones,reaching respectively 92.43% and 92.33% , and saturated fatty acid lower than that of other clones, up to 7.26% and 7.46% ,respectively. The unsaturated fatty acid,oleic acid and Linoleic acid showed a significant nega- tive correlation with the correlation index - 0.98, and the total content kept almost the same of oleic and linoleic acid, that is, the content of unsaturated fatty acid in nut was relatively stable. The comprehensive analysis of nut quali- ty showed that the clones No. 1, No. 7, No. 8, No. 12, No19, NO. 23, No. 26 could also be planted as the main cultivars with Mahan.