上海市闵行区家庭医生职业倦怠状况及影响因素

Job Burnout and Related Influencing Factors in Family Physicians in Minhang District of Shanghai

[目的]了解上海市闵行区社区家庭医生的职业倦怠状况,探讨职业倦怠的影响因素。[方法]采用通用职业倦怠问卷、工作要求-自主-社会支持模式简明职业紧张问卷以及自行设计的基本情况问卷于2015年4—6月对闵行区全体家庭医生进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验和logistic回归分析职业倦怠的影响因素。[结果]共发放问卷415份,回收有效问卷414份,回收率为99.8%。家庭医生职业倦怠阳性率为79.2%。男性家庭医生中,社会支持得分越高,职业倦怠阳性率越低(OR=0.188,P=0.005)。女性家庭医生中,年龄大于等于50岁(相对于年龄小于30岁者,OR=6.431,P=0.032)、参与轮班(OR=4.368,P=0.001)、职业紧张表现为阳性(OR=53.959,P=0.001)者具有较高的倦怠阳性率;而社会支持得分越高,倦怠阳性率越低(OR=0.234,P=0.001)。[结论]闵行区家庭医生的职业倦怠状况较为严重。男性家庭医生职业倦怠的主要影响因素为社会支持,女性家庭医生职业倦怠的主要影响因素为年龄、轮班情况、社会支持和职业紧张。

[ Objective ] To assess job burnout of family physicians in Minhang District of Shanghai and related influencing factors. [ Methods ] A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among all registered family physicians in Minhang District using Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey （MBI-GS）, Job-Demand-Control-Support Model （JDC）, and self-designed general demographic questionnaire from April to June in 2015. The influencing factors of job burnout were analyzed by χ^2 test and logistic model. [ Results ] There were 414 family physicians attending this survey with a participation rate of 99.8% （414/415）, 79.2% of which were identified with job burnout. For male family physicians, higher social support score was associated with lower positive job burnout rate （OR=0.188, P=0.005）. For female family physicians, greater or equal to 50 years old （versus younger than 30 years old, OR=6.431, P=0.032）, rotational shift work （OR=4.368, P=0.001）, or positive occupational stress （OR=53.959, P=0.001） were associated with higher job burnout rate, but higher social support score was associated lower positive job burnout rate （OR=0.234, P=0.001）. [ Conclusion ] Job burnout is prevalent among the family physicians in Minhang District of Shanghai. Influencing factors of job burnout are social support in male family physicians, and age, shift work, social support, and occupational stress in female family physicians.