乌鲁木齐市医院医疗废水中细菌对抗生素的抗性水平

Antibiotic Resistance Levels of Pathogens Isolated from Medical Wastewater in Urumqi

[目的]检测乌鲁木齐市医院医疗废水中细菌对抗生素的抗性水平。[方法]采集乌鲁木齐市4家综合性医院医疗废水处理系统进出水口样品，通过细菌平板培养法检测致病菌的抗生素抗性水平和医疗废水中总体抗生素抗性细菌的污染水平，通过PCR对致病菌株抗生素抗性的7种抗性基因（ampC，tetO，tetW，sul1，sul2，qnrD和qnrS）进行检测。[结果]分离出的致病菌对氨苄西林、四环素、磺胺嘧啶和环丙沙星的耐药率分别为47．1％、63.4％、53．4％和42．4％，7种抗生素抗性基因在其对应的抗性致病菌的检出率为66．7％-100．0％。经污水处理系统处理后，仍有1．01×10^8-1．39×10^8CFU／mL的抗生素抗性细菌进入自然环境。[结论]乌鲁木齐市医院医疗废水已受到抗生素抗性细菌的严重污染，成为抗生素抗性细菌的储存库和污染来源之一。

[ Objective ] To detect the levels of bacteria resistance to antibiotics in hospital wastewater in Urumqi. L Methods ] Wastewater samples were collected from the inlets and outlets of wastewater treatment systems in four general hospitals in Urumqi. The resistance level of pathogenic bacteria and contamination levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital wastewater were detected by heterotrophic plate counts. The detection of antibiotic resistant genes （ampC, tetO, tetW, sul1, sul2, qnrD, and qnrS） in antibiotic resistant pathogens was illustrated by PCR. [ Results ] The resistance rates of isolated bacteria to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfadiazine, and ciprofloxacin were 47.1%, 63.4%, 53.4% and 42.4%, respectively. In addition, the detection rates of seven antibiotic resistant genes ranged from 66.7% to 100.0% in the corresponding resistant bacteria. However, after sewage treatment, the concentrations of antibiotic resistant bacteria were 1.01× 10^8-1.39 ×10^8 CFU/mL in the effluent samples, which were released to natural environment. [ Conclusion ] The hospital wastewater in Urumqi is polluted with antibiotic resistant bacteria and has become one of the reservoirs and contamination sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria.