核电厂温排水环境影响评价现状及问题探析

The current situations and problems in environmental assessment of thermal discharge from nuclear power plant in China

温排水是核电厂主要的特征排放物,其对环境的影响正在引起越来越多的关注。本文介绍了温排水对水环境和水生生物的影响,从温排水影响的范围、控制和管理、监测等方面讨论了中国核电厂温排水环境影响评价和管理现状,同时介绍了国外在温排水管理方面的做法,总结了核电厂温排水领域目前存在的主要问题,提出了加强生态调查和温排水生态效应研究、开展温排水现场监测、充分考虑环境因素确定取排水方案、制定温排水排放和评价标准、加强温排水综合利用研究等针对性建议。

The thermal discharge is the main characteristic emission of a nuclear power plant and its environmental impact is attracting more and more attention. This paper reviews the effects on the water environment and the aquatic organisms, and the current environmental assessment and management for the thermal discharge from nuclear power plants in China, focusing on the diffusion range, the monitoring, and the control and management of adverse effects. At the same time the practices of managing thermal discharge abroad are discussed. In view of the major problems in the present assessment and management, some effective control measures are suggested, including the investigation of ecological effects, the on-site monitoring, the optimizations of the water intake and drainage based on a full consideration of environment, the introduction of the standards on the emission and its evaluation, and the comprehensive utilization of thermal discharge.