清前期江南地方政府商业管理初探

A Preliminary Analysis of Commerce Administration by Government of the South of the Yangzi River in the Early Qing Dynasty

商业与市场管理,在明清地方行政中的地位并不突出,以往地方行政史与基层社会管理的研究对此也不甚重视。从清代前期江南省、府、县三级官员的若干政令文告集中,可以看到地方政府对于田土、房屋产权交易俗例的规范,货币与度量衡、牙行的管理,市场秩序的维持,以及某些市场活动的管制,均给予了一定程度的关注。然而,由于缺乏切实有效的政策手段,这些告示文榜中力图实现的管理目标,实际上很少能够达成。但从中折射出来的地方政府关于商业政策的一般理念以及官商关系的复杂性,对于相关学术问题的讨论来说,仍然具有启示意义。

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it＇s not important for a local official to take control of trade and market affairs, thus commercial administration by local government has received little attention in former researches. There were indeed some evidences in compilations of official notices published in early-Qing regions beyond the YangZi River by officials of province, prefecture and county shows that, local government was interested in commercial administration to a certain degree, especially in regulating the folk conventions of land and house market, controlling the currency, measurement and trading agency, maintaining the market order, etc. Nevertheless, it seems the policy target in these official notices were seldom reached because lacking of effective policy method. But for the research in normal idea of commercial policy by local government, and in the complexity of relations between officials and merchants, these materials provide inspirations.