中国男子自由跤队体能训练中的问题审视:理论与实践的启示

Discussions of Strength and Conditioning on Men Freestyle Wrestling Team in China:Enlightenment of Theory and Practice

运用测试、调查等研究方法,完成对我国男子自由跤队体能训练中的周期安排、有氧训练、无氧训练、力量训练4个问题的讨论和论证。研究指出：（1）中国男子自由跤队体能训练体现了“板块周期”的安排特点（每个阶段集中解决1-2项任务）,但在持续时间上并不完全符合板块周期理论,持续时间相对较长（3个月左右）,训练针对性不足。（2）专项耐力训练体现的是“乳酸阈”模式,有氧耐力训练比例较少,尤其是低强度有氧训练的比例明显不足（普遍高于75%HRmax）,但研究显示,不同级别运动员的最大耗氧量有着显著地差别,随着运动水平的增加而提高,且与功率下降率有着明显的线性负向变化关系,表明有氧能力对持续高强度做功能力的积极意义。同时,研究发现,运动训练实践中有氧能力训练存在计划与实践不符现象。（3）“高强度间歇”及“专项力量耐力”是该项目体能训练的基本模式,但功率下降率仍然非常突出（50%左右）,明显低于国外优秀运动员（43%左右）,训练效果并不明显。另外,从力量与有氧的比例、训练手段的部位与持续时间及训练与监控的衔接3种关系层面给出了一定的启示,藉此推动训练理论与实践的策略调整。

Based on the test and investigation, the periodic arrangement, aerobic training, anaerobic training, strength training for male free style wrestling were analyzed. The ＂plate period＂ was significant in strength and conditioning with inconsistent duration time, the duration time of training plan on man free- style wrestling was longer （about 3month ） and the purpose was not clear; The special endurance training focused on the ＂lactate threshold＂ with low intensity aerobic training（〉75%HRmax）, and the maximal oxygen uptake was increasing with different level athletes, meanwhile, there was a significant inverse rela- tionship between maximal oxygen uptake and power down rate. In addition, some inconsistent had been found between training plan and practice; The ＂High intensity interval＂ and ＂Special strength endurance＂ were the basic model for the physical training, and power down rate （50%） was significant with lower for- eign athletes （43%） , the training effect was not significant. Finally, this article provided some enlightenments from training ratio of strength and aerobic, training ways and duration time, training and monitoring in order to promote the training level.