摘要
运动员的视觉注意策略是国内外运动心理学研究者关注的热点之一,静止眼动(quiet eye)作为视觉注视策略中的一种特殊行为更是备受关注。静止眼动(quiet eye,QE)是指,动作执行者在动作发起前对一个特定位置的长时间持续的注视。大部分对瞄准性任务和截击性任务的研究发现,长时间的静止眼动期有利于提升运动员动作表现,专家的静止眼动持续时间显著长于次专家和新手,并且命中或拦截成功时的静止眼动时间显著长于没有命中或拦截不成功时的静止眼动时间。从静止眼动和动作表现之间的关系入手,首先简要分析静止眼动和动作表现关系的相关结果,然后以近期国外研究结果为证据,对静止眼动影响动作表现的心理学机制(动作准备观、注意控制观、注意焦点观、抑制假说、挑战-威胁的生物心理模型)进行详细分析,并基于相关研究结果提出静止眼动和动作表现关系的焦虑控制观点。同时,对未来静止眼动和动作表现关系的研究趋向进行展望,为国内静止眼动和动作表现关系的实验室研究提供一定的理论指导,同时基于理论研究结果为静止眼动的运动实践训练提供一定指导和帮助。
Visual attentional strategy of athletes is a key topic in sport psychology research at home and abroad, especially the quiet eye a special visual be- havior that attracted more concern of sport psychologist. Many studies aimed on target and interceptive tasks have found that longer quiet eye time is benefi- cial to excellent performance, and the quiet eye of experts is longer than novice and sub-expert, at the same time the quiet eye of successful hitting and inter- cepting is longer than that of not hitting and intercepting. This essay analyzed the psychological mechanisms (motor programming hypothesis, attentional con- trol, attentional focus, inhibition hypothesis, biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat) of the relationship between quiet eye and motor performance im- portantly based on recent researches, and also offer a new perspective of understanding the relationship between quiet eye and motor performance. Moreover, the summary of this essay is given and the future direction of the research is presented. We hope to provide theoretical guidance on both lab studies and quiet eye training in sports psychological practice for Chinese researchers.
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期216-221,共6页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
天津市自然科学基金项目(项目编号:16JCQNJC14300)
财政部基本科研业务费专项(基本16资助)
天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划资助
天津市"131"创新型人才培养工程第三层次人选资助
关键词
静止眼动
动作表现
专家优势
心理学机制
quiet eye
action performance
expert advantage
psychological mechanism