身体锻炼对类比推理能力老化的延缓作用:来自ERP的证据

Delay Effect of Physical Exercise on Aging of Analogical Reasoning:Evidence from ERP

我国已全面进入老龄化社会,认知老化问题越来越得到更多学者们的关注。类比推理能力作为一项基本认知能力,会随着增龄而发生机能衰退现象,那么如何延缓这种老化现象的进程,这是心理学研究者需要关注和思考的一个问题。目的：采用ERP技术考察身体锻炼对中老年人类比推理能力老化的延缓作用。方法：天津市天塔街社区的中老年参与者30人,剔除脑电伪迹过多和测试正确率低于95%的参与者4人,剩余有效参与者26人。使用德国Brain Products公司的ERP记录与分析系统,按国际10/20系统扩展的64导电极帽记录参与者完成类比推理任务（大小类比推理测验）时的EEG信号。结果：（1）行为学方面,进行独立样本T检验显示,锻炼组反应时短于非锻炼组反应时;（2）脑电方面,在类比映射的400-500 ms、500-600 ms和600-800 ms3个时间窗口,2组参与者的波幅的差异可靠,在800-1 000 ms和1000-1 200 ms时,2组参与者的波幅差异不可靠,即在400-800 ms之间,锻炼者较非锻炼者在完成推理任务时正波的波幅更大。结论：锻炼者较非锻炼者在完成类比推理任务时反应更快,P400-800波幅更大,能够动员更多的神经元同步兴奋。身体锻炼可以改善中老年人的脑功能,在认知加工时,认知加工资源动员程度更高。

With China has entered aging society, scholars had paid more attention to cognitive aging problems. As one of the basic cognitive capacity, ana- logical reasoning ability will decline with age increasing. And how to slow the aging process, this is a question that researchers need to be paid attention and thought. Objective ： ERP technical was used to test the delay effect of physical exercise on aging of middle-aged and eider people＇ s analogical reasoning abil- ity. Thirty middle-aged and elder people from Tianjin Tower Street Community were invited to participate in this study. Four people were eliminated because of EEG artifacts and the accuracy of less than 95%. ERP record and analysis system were from Germany Brain Products Company, according to the interna- tional 10/20 system of 64 conductive electrode Cap record the EEG signal of analogical reasoning tasks （size analogical reasoning tests ）. Results showed that （ 1 ）There was significant differences between exercise group and non-exercise group on reaction time. （2）EEG results showed that there were significant differences between exercise group and non-exercise group on amplitude of analogical mapping 400-500ms, 500-600ms, and 600-800ms. But there were no significant differences between exercise group and non-exercise group on amplitude of 800-100ms and 1000-1200ms. Exercise group, which can mobilize more excited neurons synchronization, had faster speed and stronger amplitude of P400-800 than non-exercise group when complete analogical reasoning task. In the early stages of digital processing, there maybe have differences in the brain between exercisers and non-exercisers. Those results suggested that physical exercise can improve brain function in the elderly, which can promote mobilization of cognitive processing resource at the moment of cognitive processing.