等动拉力和重力拉力蝶泳划臂动作生物力学分析

The Biomechanics Analysis of Isokinetic Tension and Gravity Tension of Butterfly Stroke

以8名男性游泳运动员为测试对象,选取蝶泳划臂动作和10块上肢肌肉,采用MEGWIN 6000 16通道遥测肌电测试仪、索尼DCR-HC90常速摄像机、自行研发同步信号发生器,对等动和重力2种拉力器陆上蝶泳划臂动作,进行表面肌电和摄像技术同步观测,并对比分析2种游泳上肢专项力量拉力训练蝶泳划臂动作的生物力学特征,了解2种拉力方式蝶泳划臂动作的技术特点和用力规律,以评价2种不同拉力的训练效果。结果显示:2种拉力各动作时相肩肘关节角度不够流线型,抱水结束和移臂结束时尤其严重,与水中蝶泳技术有所差别;开始外划时相肩关节角度滑轮拉力较好、肘关节角度等动拉力更理想;推水结束时相等动拉力推水动作更充分、推水路线更长。抱水和推水阶段等动拉力用时更长,表明划臂路线长,划臂实际效果好。等动拉力腕关节屈肌、肱三头肌、背阔肌、三角肌中束放电强度最大,滑轮拉力背阔肌、腕关节屈肌、肱三头肌和肱桡肌放电强度最大。等动拉力更多的训练蝶泳抱水阶段上肢肌肉力量,对发展肱桡肌、肱二头肌、三角肌前束、斜方肌力量效果更好。滑轮拉力与水中蝶泳主要肌肉发力特征更相似,利于发展腕关节屈肌、肱三头肌、三角肌中束、背阔肌、胸大肌,并能更好训练推水阶段肱桡肌和肱二头肌的肌肉力量。

This paper is based on the testing of eight male athletes and it mainly focus on the arm pull of butterfly stroke and ten kinds of muscles of upper body. To sue the remote-sensing myoelectricity tester-MEGWIN 6000 16 and the constant-velocity vidicon of Sony-DCR-HC90, synchronizing signal gener- ator was used to synchronous collect the surface myoelectricity, as well as the video data of the arm pull of the isokinetic pull and pulley weights on land. And it has a contrastive analysis of bio-mechanical characteristic about two different kind of specific strength of upper limb of the arm pull style of the butterfly stroke, in order to acquire the technical features and the rule of strength of arm pull in the matter of the pull, which could evaluate the training effect of the pull. As the result shows that the angle of elbow joint did not show the position of streamline enough when each pull making movements. The phenomenon was worse and it especially presented at the stage of the end of the catch and the end of the recovery of the arm. And the muscle discharge was too heavy on the stage of the recovery of the arm, which differed from the technique of butterfly stroke in the water. When the arm was pushing the water beside, the angle of el-bow joint of the isokinetic pull was better. When the push is over, it has a better movement for the tension of pulley weights, and the path of pushing water is longer. The time was longer on the stage of the catch and the push, which demonstrated that the path of the arm pull did long enough, moreover, the practical effect of the arm pull was a good one. The best period of muscle discharge of the musculus flexor of wrist joints, triceps muscle of arm, latissimus dorsi and the middle bundle of deltoid were during the motions of the isokinetic pull. The best period of muscle discharge of the latissimus dorsi, the musculus flexor of wrist joints, the triceps muscle of arm and the brachioradialis were under the tension from the pulley weights. The isokinetic pull could train the upper body strength as much on the stage of the catch, moreover it has a better training effect on the brachioradialis, the bicipital muscle of arm, the anterior bundle of deltoid and the trapezius. There is a better similarity of the muscle＇ s power generator between the pulley weights and the butterfly stroke, and the pull of pulley weights is beneficial to the musculus flexor of wrist Joint, the triceps muscle of arm, the middle bundle of deltoid, the latissimus dorsi and the musculi pectoralis major, it also have a better drill of the strength of the brachioradialis and the bicipital muscle of arm on the stage of the drive.