国家重点生态功能区人类活动空间变化及其聚集分析

Spatial distribution and aggregation analysis of human activity in national key ecological function regions in China

国家重点生态功能区是国家为保护、恢复和提高区域水源涵养、防风固沙、保持水土、调蓄洪水、保护生物多样性等重要生态功能而划定的需要重点保护和限制开发的区域。分析国家重点生态功能区人类活动空间变化,是环保等相关部门把握国家生态功能区宏观生态环境状况,并对其进行量化监管的重要手段。为此,本文基于面向对象方法提取了国家重点生态功能区510个县2010年、2015年两期的生态环境变化空间分布信息,并在此基础上采用土地利用转移矩阵及核密度法对两期人类活动造成的生态环境变化时空分布进行了分析。研究结果表明:国家重点生态功能区的生态环境变化中,71.77%的变化为耕地、工矿、建设用地的转入,27.53%为植被的转入;核密度提取出5个热点区域,包括燕山地区、吕梁山地区、黄土高原地区、武当山地区、大别山地区,占总变化图斑数的24.64%,黄土高原地区和大别山地区变化主要来自于工矿和建设用地的扩张,燕山地区和吕梁山地区变化主要来自于工矿用地的扩张,武当山地区变化主要来自于建设用地的扩张;以变化面积加权的核密度提取出1个热点区域,即西拉木伦河地区,占总变化面积的20.53%,该地区的变化主要来自于耕地的扩张。

To protect, restore and enhance regional soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, flood storage, and the conservation of biological diversity and other important ecological functions, the government of China established national key ecological function regions （NKEFR）. NKEFR are focused on protection and restricted exploitation, with the goal of establishing a society based on sustainable development and ecological civilization. Here, we extracted ecological changes across 510 counties in NKEFR designated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2010 and 2015 based on the object-oriented method, and analyzed spatial and temporal changes in the ecological environment influenced by human activities using the land-use transfer matrix method and kernel density estimation. We found that 71.77% of the changes in NKEFR is the transfer of land to mining, industry and construction, and 27.53% to vegetation. This indicates that human activities in NKEFR are focused on production and construction activities. In other words, human activities tend to industrial and agricultural regions in space. Kernel density estimation identified five hotspots： Yanshan Mountain region, Luliangshan Mountain region, Loess Plateau, Wudang Mountain area and Dabie Mountain area;these accounted for 24.64% of change according to the number of change polygons. Area-weighted kernel density estimation identified a hot spot, the Xilamulun River region, accounting for 20.53% of change in area. This article provides a scientific basis for the management and protection of NKEFRs.