红富士苹果树年周期器官营养动态变化研究

Study on Annual Change of Nutrient in Different Organs in Fuji Apple Tree

通过不同养分管理条件下的对比试验,揭示不同氮肥用量对苹果树叶片、新梢、果实内矿质元素的影响。结果表明,高产园的营养水平普遍高于其他处理,不同器官的含磷量都在生长中期降到最低点。苹果树年生长初期高氮处理叶片中的氮高于低氮处理的10.5%,生长中后期叶片中钾的质量分数存在显著差异,施氮量越大,叶片中钾的质量分数越低,低氮处理叶片中的钾高于高氮处理15.3%,氮素过高或过低都对苹果的单果质量及产量有影响,优化处理比传统处理每公顷产量提高26.5%。

A field experiment was conducted to study the annual change of nutrient in different organs of the Fuji apple under different treatments of nitrogen fertilizer rates. The results showed that the level of nutrient in high yield orchards was higher than that of one under others different treatments, the mass fraction of P in the different organs reached the lowest point during it grew. Mass fraction of nitrogen in leaves under high nitrogen treament was 10.5% higher than that under low nitrogen treat- ment at the early growth stage of apple trees. The mass fraction of K in the leaves were significantly different at the late growth stage, the more K was applied, the lower the mass fraction of K was. The mass fraction of K in leaves under high nitrogen fertilizer treatment were 15. 3% higher that that under treatment of low nitrogen fertilizer at the late stage. Both high and low nitrogen treatments will have effect on apple fruit mass and yield optimized treatment can increase the yield by 26. 5% per hectare comparing with traditional treatments.