J2摄动下脉冲推力星下点轨迹调整解析算法

Analytical Method for Ground Track Manipulation Using Impulse Thrust Based on J2 Perturbation

针对快速响应对地成像任务,在轨卫星可通过轨道机动实现星下点轨迹调整。研究了J2摄动下小椭圆轨道的脉冲推力星下点轨迹调整的解析算法。首先给出脉冲推力下小椭圆轨道参数变化模型和滑行段星下点轨迹运动模型;然后通过分析得到影响星下点轨迹的四个轨道要素,进一步推导了平近点角增量近似公式,并得到它与速度增量的线性关系表达式;最后推导了J2摄动下星下点轨迹调整需要的脉冲的三种解析方法。仿真结果表明,三种解析算法运算速度快,地面位置误差小于7 km。

Orbit maneuver can change ground track of a satellite in an effective way to achieve responsive imaging tasks. This paper presents analytical methods for ground track manipulation problem using tangential impulse maneuver under the influence of J2 perturbation. Firstly,relationships between orbit parameters of small elliptical orbit and impulse thrust are presented. Then,four elements affecting ground tracks are analyzed through establishing ground track motion model. An approximate formula of the mean anomaly increment,which is one of the impact factors,is derived and its linear relationship with velocity increment is also obtained. Finally,based on such relationships and the motion equations of ground track,three kinds of analytical solutions to the manipulation problem are developed. Simulation results demonstrate that all the algorithms can execute on high speed,and the ground distance errors are less than 7 km.