荷兰长期照护制度:制度设计、挑战与启示

Studying on the system design and challenges of long-term care system in Netherland and enlightenment from it

荷兰是欧洲最早建立专门长期照护保险制度的国家。近50年来,荷兰长期照护制度的受益范围不断扩大,待遇水平较高,且对正规照护服务的依赖度较高。也面临一系列挑战,主要体现在支出水平占GDP比重较高,制度间的协调问题突出,正规照护和非正规照护的分工问题。荷兰的经验为我国长期照护制度构建提供了一定的启示:要妥善处理好政府与家庭、政府与市场、不同制度间的关系。

The Netherlands is the first country to build up the long-term care insurance system in European Union. In the past fifty years, the coverage and benefit from the long-term care insurance system in Netherland kept extended, with higher degree of dependency on standard care system. The long-term care insurance system in Netherlands also encountered some challenges, such as the higher expenditures, difficulties in system coordination and the relationship between formal and informal cares. Enlightenment was obtained from which to develop the long-term care insurance system in China, especially on the relationship among the govern-ment,market and different system.