园林绿地刺吸害虫及其天敌时序动态及发生规律的研究

Research on the Occurrence Regularities and Season Dynamics of the Sucking Pests and Its Natural Enemies in Green Space

为有效保护园林绿地中的自然天敌,以园林植物刺吸害虫及其天敌为调查对象,采用黄板诱集法,研究了园林绿地刺吸害虫及其天敌时序动态及发生规律。结果表明:绿地中京枫多态毛蚜(Periphyllus diacerivorus)、栾多态毛蚜(P.koelreuteria)、居松长足大蚜(Cinara pinihabitans)和白皮松长足大蚜(C.bungeanae)的发生期早于桃粉大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundimis),且5种蚜虫种群均在夏季高温和天敌共同作用下崩溃;瓢虫和寄生蜂类天敌对碧桃(Pruns perscial f.duplex)上桃粉大尾蚜及捕食螨对碧桃上山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensis)的跟随效应明显,而天敌对其它4种植物上蚜虫无明显跟随效应;施药虽可暂时降低阔叶植物上3种蚜虫的种群数量,却大量杀伤了害虫的天敌,停药后3种蚜虫仍爆发成灾,同时使6月后碧桃上山楂叶螨种群爆发和5月中旬后油松(Pinus tabuliformis)上针叶小爪螨(Oligonychus ununguis)种群数量较多。绿地中瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇和寄生蜂类天敌的发生最高峰均位于5月下旬至6月下旬,除草蛉外,绿地中的瓢虫、食蚜蝇和寄生蜂类天敌在7—8月种群数量均极低。草蛉喜欢在五角枫(Acer mono)上栖息或搜寻寄主。

The sucking pests and its natural enemies on the greening plants was used as experimental subject,the season dynamics of the sucking pests and its natural enemies on the greening plants and the occurrence regularities of natural enemies of green space were researched by hanging yellow sticky board.The results showed that the occurrence period of Periphyllus diacerivorus,P.koelreuteria,Cinara pinihabitans and C.bungeanae were earlier than that of Hyalopterus arundimis.The aphid populations of above 5species all collapsed under interaction of high temperature in summer and natural enemies.The time following effects of ladybugs and parasitoids to Hyalopterus arundimis damaging on Pruns perscial f.duplex and predatory mites to Tetranychus viennensis damaging on Pruns perscial f.duplex were obvious.But time following effects of 4species of natural enemies to aphids damaging on other 4species of greening plants were not obvious.The aphids population damaging on 3species of broad leaved plant could be temporarily reduced by pesticides,but a large number of natural enemies also were killed which caused the aphids population damaging on 3species of broad leaved plant also outbroke,the population of Tetranychus viennensis damaging on Pruns perscial f.duplex outbroke in June and the population of Oligonychus ununguis damaging on Pinus tabuliformis quickly increased in middle May once the pesticides were stopped.The peak of ladybugs,lacewings,hoverflies and parasitoids in greening space were all occurred from late May to late June.And the population number of ladybugs,hoverflies and parasitoids in greening space were all very low from July to August except lacewings.Lacewings preferred Acer monoto to perch or forage the host.