美国特殊教育经费投入机制述评

The Mechanism for the Investment in Special Education in the United States and Its Implications for China

特殊教育经费的投入和分配是政府采用经济手段干预教育发展的方式之一。美国特殊教育经过长期发展,探索出规范化的特殊教育经费投入机制,对我国特殊教育投入有重要的借鉴意义。本文通过对美国特殊教育经费的系统梳理,认为其具备稳定且多元的经费来源、拨付精准的经费分配制度、以评估与问责对经费使用进行监管的特点。鉴于此,结合我国特殊教育发展的现实,提出几点相应建议。

Special education funds, one of the ways the government intervenes in education by economic means, functions by reasonable allocation of educational resources to ensure the stable development of special education. After a long period of the development of special education, the United States has developed a standard- ized mechanism for the investment in special education, which offers implications for China. This study reviews the sources for America＇s special education funds, and their allocation and supervision, and finds that they are characterized by the allocation of special education ftmds based on vertical equality instead of on horizontal equali- ty, the steady and diversified sources of funds, the accurate use of special education funds, and the complete supervision mechanism. In view of this, the authors offer proposals based on the actual development of special education in Chitin.