高速公路隧道出口视觉环境改善方法研究

Study of Visual Environment Improvement Method at Highway Tunnel Exit

根据高速公路隧道出口事故形态和事故原因(超速),并针对其控速设施设计不合理的现状,充分利用隧道出口的路侧、路面洞顶空间,提出了新的改善方法:基于逆反射的路侧、路面标志标线及彩色沥青,构建多频、多色彩、韵律感逆反射视觉环境。利用3ds Max软件对高速公路隧道出口进行模拟实验,利用E-prime软件进行车速感知心理物理实验,以主观等同速度作为实验度量指标,并基于实车试验数据校核了模型精度。结果显示:改善前隧道内在100%亮度下,速度低估程度为9.67%±0.994%;在50%亮度下,速度低估程度为11.49%±0.79%,出口处隧道外速度低估程度为9.01%±0.775%。改善后隧道内在100%亮度下,速度高估程度为8.50%±1.508%;在50%亮度下,速度高估程度为10.26%±1.86%,出口处隧道外速度高估程度为8.16%±1.303%。实施改善方案后的驾驶员速度感知明显高于改善前,速度错觉由改善前的速度低估改为速度高估,提升了驾驶员对车速的敏感度,并且使驾驶员对速度产生合理的高估程度,对隧道出口段的安全有显著改善。

According to the accidents forms and the cause of the accident （over speed） at expressway tunnel exit, and in regard with the current situation of irrational speed-control facilities, making full use of the road space of the tunnel, a new improvement method is proposed in the paper： based on the retro- reflective markings on roadside and surface as well as the colored asphalt to form a multi-frequency, multi- colors and sense of rhythm retro-reflective visual environment. The traffic simulation model of highway tunnel is made by the 3ds Max software, and the speed perception psycho-physical experiment is completed by E-prime software. These experiments use stimulation of subjective equal speed as measurement indicators, and use the real vehicle test data to check the accuracy of the model. The results show that： before improvement the ratio of speed underestimation ranges from 9.67% ±0. 994% in the tunnel under the 100% brightness, and it is 11.49%±0.79% under the 50% brightness in the tunnel, and the speed underestimate is 9.01%±0. 775% at the exit of the tunnel; and after improvement the speed overestimate is 8.50%±1. 508% under the 100% brightness, and it could be changed into the overestimate of 10.26% ±1.86% under the 50% brightness, the speed overestimate is 8.16%!1. 303% at the exit of the tunnel. Speed perception of improvement scheme is obviously higher than that of before improvement. The drive＂ sensitivity to speed is improved, which can significantly improve the safety at the tunnel exit.