台湾地区国家公园管理体制发展与趋势

Development Trends and Problems of National Park Management System in Taiwan,China

早期台湾地区对国家公园的经营管理,采取由上至下的一元化政策,忽略国家公园对当地人文与社会的影响,造成利害关系的冲突。虽然目前国家公园政策的形成已加入公众参与机制,但所面临的管理问题仍层出不穷。因此,如何善用公众参与机制,彰显国家公园的生态维护价值,将是未来国家公园管理的重要策略。文中介绍了部分国家(地区)的国家公园发展历史、管理制度,探讨了台湾地区国家公园发展、国家公园系统分级的转变与面临的问题等,提出了台湾地区国家公园未来发展的对策建议。

Taiwan adopted the top-to-bottom unified policy for the National Parks management at early stage, but ignored impacts of national parks on local cultural and social concerns, which had resulted in conflicts of interests and led to a large number of management problems. Currently, although the public participation mechanisms have been introduced into the policy formation, the management problems have arisen endless from national park management. Therefore, how to make a good use of public participation to achieve the value of ecological maintenance through national parks will be an important strategy for future national parks. The paper introduced the development history and management institution of national parks in some countries or regions, discussed national park development in Taiwan, the shift of national park system classification and problems encountered, and proposed the countermeasures for national park development in Taiwan.