以赛亚·伯林论犹太复国主义的语境及其实践

On Context and Practice of Isaiah Berlin's Zionism

以赛亚·伯林的民族主义思想以其消极自由理论为理论基础,认为民族归属感和认同感是实现个人自由的基本要素,并确信合理的民族主义不应以牺牲个人自由的基本权利来满足民族群体的特殊诉求。反映在犹太复国主义主张上,伯林论证了缺乏祖国的犹太人在精神上的无归属状态以及由此造成的不自由,并进一步提出以色列建国为犹太人建设一个实体的和精神的归属地的主张,认为这是真正实现犹太人个人自由的基础。在实践中,伯林坚持自由多元主义的基本理念,反对犹太复国主义运动中一切形式的进攻性民族主义,主张以自由多元主义的民族理念推进巴以和平。

Isaiah Berlin＇ s nationalist ideology with its negative liberty based on the theory of negative liberty believes that the feelings of national belongingness and national identity are essential elements for personal freedom and that a reasonable nationalism should not meet the specific appeals of ethnic groups at the expense of the fundamental rights of freedom of individuals. Concerning his Zionist propositions Berlin demonstrated a situation of spiritual nonbelongingness of Jews without homeland and the hereby caused non-freedom and further proposed the construction of an attribution of both entity and spirit for Jews through founding of Israel who believe that this is truly the foundation of realization of personal freedom of Jews. In practice, Berlin adhered to the basic idea of liberal pluralism and opposed all kinds of forms of aggressive nationalism in Zionist movement and advocated pluralist idea of ethnicity for promotion of Israeli-Palestinian peace.