英国高校创业教育的现状、特色及启示

The Development of Entrepreneurship Education in UK Higher Education Institutions and its Implication

自20世纪80年代英国高校掀起从"研究型大学"到"创业型大学"演变的第二次学术革命以来,英国大批高校纷纷开始营造创业文化氛围、开设创业教育课程、开展创业实践。英国政府对大学生创业和创业教育在政策上给予的支持、引导和规范进一步推动了英国高校创业教育的发展,为创业教育的繁荣提供了根本保证。反观我国高校创业教育存在的诸多问题,可以从办学模式、课程体系、扶持力度、品牌效应等四个方面得出如下启示:第一,积极开展对高校新型办学模式的探索;第二,构建突出创新思维的课程体系;第三,加大对创业教育组织机构的扶持力度;第四,加强校企之间的互动、交流与合作;第五,发展专业性的创新成果服务机构。

Since the second revolutionary academic change from research universities to entrepreneurial universities in the 1980 s,most UK higher education institutions have engaged in creating an atmosphere of entrepreneurial culture,offering entrepreneurial courses and promoting business practices. In this regard,the British government's policies about college students' entrepreneurship further pushes the development of entrepreneurship education in the UK,and provides fundamental guarantee for its prosperity.The future trend of the development of higher education institutions in the UK is the transformation from research university to entrepreneurial university. Its main concern is to strengthen the vitality of the UK higher education,and to draw some lessons from the transformation. And more generally,the whole world is in the event of such a change. There are many pressures,like funding for education,government intervention,innovation,student entrepreneurs,social mobility and employment,development of inter-regional partnerships as well as the use of modern information technology and international market changes. British universities and the government are facing a great challenge regarding how to promote the innovation and development of entrepreneurship education and to push the transformation of the British university model.Currently,the construction of entrepreneurship education system in British universities has the following characteristics: a layered and diverse curriculum,professional and innovative entrepreneurial faculty,flexible and diversified teaching methods,improved organization system,close cooperation between universities and enterprises to promote entrepreneurship practice. All this provides some reference for the development of entrepreneurship education in China's higher education institutions.Compared with the UK,there exist many issues in Chinese universities' entrepreneurship education. For example,understanding of entrepreneurship education is too formalized and utilitarian. Students lack innovative thinking. Entrepreneurship curriculum content is fragmented. The entrepreneurial ability of teachers should be improved. Moreover,Entrepreneurship education management mechanism is not perfect and there are no necessary synergies among various functional departments.Lessons can be drawn from the following four aspects. First,to explore the new school running modes and cultivate innovative entrepreneurial talents. Second,to highlight innovative thinking of the curriculum system and create innovative entrepreneurial teams of teachers. Third,to strengthen efforts to support the organization of entrepreneurship education and improve the framework of entrepreneurship education. Fourth,to enhance the interaction,exchange and cooperation between schools and enterprises and establish the brand awareness of higher education institutions.