大学生网络行为失范的类型、成因与对策

An Investigation of the Types and Causes of College Students' Online Anomie Behavior

伴随信息时代而来的是全面网络化社会的形成,以及信息洪流充斥的虚拟世界的蔓延,这种时代背景与生存空间带给了大学生无穷的选择机会,但网络行为失范现象也屡有发生。为了解失范类型与行为成因,我们选取了22所高校1708名大学生、126名教育工作者和46名大学生家长作为对象,进行了问卷调查。结果显示,目前大学生的网络行为失范主要包括"违规行为、侵权行为、暴力行为和犯罪行为"等四种类型;对"虚拟网络"的误解、对网络信息技术的过度崇拜等为行为产生之内因,社会集体意识的衰落和规范的缺位、高校网络思想政治教育和管理工作的相对滞后等为行为之外因。基于此,高校教育工作者须采取引导大学生遵规意识的自我强化、创新思想政治教育的方法、改善大学生的网络生态环境等干预策略。

The purposeful social interaction of college students in syber space,that is,the online behavior,is not only a practice,but also a cognitive interaction. In essence,the online behavior of college students is also a kind of social behavior,which has an interactive and close relationship with the realistic morality.With the increasing popularity of the Internet and its stability,the advantage of the Internet era is becoming more prominent. But the anomie of some college students 'online behaviors can never be ignored. Meanwhile,the lack of rational knowledge and moral judgment of misbehaviors online leads them to be deeply stuck.Online anomie behavior of college students has been a major concern in the field of moral researches of college students. It is also a high-risk social issue concerning many aspects,which can exert far-reaching influences. Based on the questionnaire among 1708 college students from 22 universities,126 educators and 46 parents,this article analyzes four common types of online anomie behavior of college students: violation behavior,infringement behavior,violence behavior and crime behavior. The survey revealed that online violation behaviors existed commonly in Chinese college students,among which the most prominent behaviors were online game addiction,ill information browsing and the abuse of online languages.Meanwhile,this article offers a detailed explanation of the factors leading to the online anomie behavior of college students from internal and external dimensions. The internal dimensions include the misunderstanding of the virtual reality,the excessive worship of the online information technology and the initiatives to deal with the psychological stress. On the other hand,the external dimensions refer to the decline of social collective consciousness,the absence of norms,and the relative backwardness of the ideological and political education and management of college online.Higher educational institutions are the major places where moral education is carried out for college students. This education plays a critical role in cultivating college students' online behaviors and their moral qualities. Thus,moral educators in higher education institutions should adapt actively to the new requirements for college education in the Internet era and introduce some intervention measures,such as guiding the selfstrengthening of college students' compliance awareness,intensifying the role of moral educators,innovating the methods of moral education,improving college students' online environment and implementing evaluation system of college students' online behaviors,etc.