古代军事中的人事禁忌

The Ancient Military Personnel Taboo

军事禁忌习见于中国古代兵家文献,其中人事禁忌尤重,是考察古代战略战术不可忽略的重要内容之一。古代军事人事禁忌以兵者乃凶器滥用将遭受天罚为心理根源,滋生于战乱深重的现实和阴阳五行思想影响的双重土壤。军事人事禁忌主要包括畏战原则和慎杀行为两个方面的主要内容,是古代慎战思想的集中反映。军事人事禁忌沿袭三代天命观、人本主义、仁战思想、军礼孑遗等传统内核,随着时代发展日益陵替式微,但贯穿整个古代军事而不绝显隐。军事人事禁忌在一定程度上起到过约束战争发展和减少战争伤害的作用,合理性与愚昧性并存,应该回到具体历史场景中加以辩证分析和批判继承。

This study found the tabooed ancient Chinese military documents, including personnel files re- garding especially serious taboos, while also serving as an important part of the strategic and tactical history of ancient military study that cannot be ignored. Contraindications given by ancient military personnel to soldiers upon were used as a possible weapon of abuse whereby the soldiers would suffer from the psychological trauma that stemmed from war - ridden realities and ideological influences of yin and yang duality of the time. Contra- indications implemented by military personnel included a set of principles of which the main contents intended to carefully kill two aspects of behavior, namely： concentrated reflection of the ancient war and careful thought. As a result of three generations of military personnel, these concepts developed into ： humanism, be- nevolent ideological war, the traditional salute relict cores, with the development of increasingly declining era , but throughout the ancient military it was not absolutely explicitly and or implicitly applied. Military person- nel taboo, to some extent, played a role in the developmental constraints of war and possibly reduced some of the harmful effects of war, and ignorance of the coexistence of rationality; furthermore, it should be returned to the dialectical analysis and critique inherited specific historical scene.