刺参-海蜇-对虾复合养殖系统颗粒物沉降通量研究

The Research on Deposition Flux of Particulate Matter in Sea Cucumber-jellyfish-shrimp Integrated Culture System

本文研究了刺参-海蜇-对虾复合养殖系统颗粒物沉积作用及其对刺参的影响。结果表明,刺参-海蜇-对虾复合养殖系统较单一养殖模式显著提高养殖产量(P<0.05),其中刺参产量较单养模式提高22.6%,海蜇、对虾产量较单一养殖模式无显著差异(P>0.05)。在海蜇、对虾养殖期间,复合养殖模式颗粒物沉积量显著高于刺参单养模式,复合养殖模式沉降颗粒TOC及TN含量明显高于刺参单养模式(P<0.05)。刺参摄食海蜇、对虾单养来源的沉降颗粒物相对于摄食刺参单养来源沉降颗粒,其生长率显著升高(P<0.05),排泄率明显较低(P<0.05),摄食率无显著变化(P>0.05)。刺参养殖水体上层养殖海蜇和对虾,能够优化刺参食物结构,刺参-海蜇-对虾复合养殖系统充分利用水体空间,获得更高产出,提高了单位水体利用效率。

This paper aims to study the ecological effects caused by deposition flux of total particulate mat- ter in an integrated aquaculture system with sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicas）, jellyfish （Rhopilema esuclentaum） and Chinese shrimp （Fenneropenaeus chinensis）. The results showed that the total output production in the integrated culture system was significantly higher than that in any of the monoculture system （P〈0.05）, in which the sea cucumber production increased 22.6% in integrated culture system, and there were no significant difference in production of jellyfish and shrimp compared with the corre- sponding monoculture system （P〉0.05）. During jellyfish and shrimp culture period （June to October）, the deposition flux of total particulate matter in integrated culture system was significantly higher than that in sea cucumber monoculture system. Content of TOC and TN in settling particles of integrated system were significantly higher than those in sea cucumber monoculture system （P〈0.05）. In feeding experi- ment, the sea cucumbers fed on settling matter from jellyfish and shrimp monoculture showed higher growth rate（P〈0.05）, lower excretion rate （P〈0.05） than those from sea cucumber monoculture, but the feeding rate had no significant differences （P〉0.05）. In conclusion, it is feasible that to culture jelly- fish and shrimp in upper layer of sea cucumber culture pond, had potential to make full use of water space, obtaion higher output by optimizing the dietary composition of sea cucumber, and improve water utilization efficiency.