都昌县冬季农业开发利用调研报告

Development and Utilization of Winter Agriculture in Duchang County

冬季农业资源合理综合开发利用问题一直备受社会各界关注,如何增加农民收入,实现"三农"的和谐、可持续性发展则是焦点。通过随机入户方式,与农业科技推广人员及种粮大户面对面交流,并结合问卷调查,发现都昌县冬季农业种植积极性低下。冬闲田面积年均高达45.61%,除特殊年份外,冬季农业种植面积的环比波动较为平稳,年均-0.24%,但冬季作物的环比产量有较大的递增幅度,增幅达到年均3.79%,这主要受益于农资、农业、农技等要素投入水平的提高。调查还发现影响冬季农业开发的主要因素有4方面:(1)农业经济效益差,农民冬种积极性低下;(2)农村缺乏劳动力、农业生产能力不足;(3)地理、地势优势不突出,缺乏大型机械化生产;(4)种植结构单一,产业间协调度不高。最后从出台相关政策,调动农户积极性;统一规划,分步实施;加大投资力度,发展规模种植;延伸农业产业链,实现农业全产业链一体化发展4个方面,提出了冬闲田综合合理开发利用和农民增收的具体途径和对策。

Comprehensive development and utilization of agricultural resources in winter has been the concernof all sectors of society,the focus is how to increase the incomes of farmers and achieve the harmonious andsustainable development of agriculture,countryside and farmers.Farmers＇ enthusiasm is low in developingagriculture in winter in Duchang County,which was observed through random interviews with farmers,face toface communication with the agricultural science and technology promotion personnel and large scale grainproduction households,and questionnaire survey.The fallow field area was averagely 45.61% a year in winter.Except for special years,the year-to-year fluctuation of planting area of winter agriculture was relativelystable,with an average-0.24% a year,but the year-to-year yield of winter crops had a large increasing range,which was averagely of 3.79% a year.The yield increase was mainly benefited from the increasing input levelof agricultural materials,agriculture and agricultural technique.There were 4 main factors affecting thedevelopment of winter agriculture：firstly,the poor agricultural economic benefit and low enthusiasm of farmers;secondly,the lack of labor force and agricultural production capacity in rural areas;thirdly,the less prominentgeographical and regional advantage,and undeveloped large-scale mechanized production;fourthly,simpleplanting structure and low coordination between industries.At last,there were 4 ways and countermeasures fordeveloping and utilizing winter fallow field and increasing farmers＇ income：introducing relevant policies to mobilize farmers＇ enthusiasm;unifying planning and step-by-step implementation;increasing the intensity ofinvestment and developing scale cultivation;extending agricultural industry chain and realizing the integrationdevelopment of agricultural industry chain.