5岁以下儿童腹泻与家庭卫生行为和卫生条件的关系

Relationship between diarrhea in children under five and family health behaviors, sanitary conditions

目的探讨陵水县农村5岁以下儿童腹泻与家庭卫生行为和卫生条件的相关性,为今后儿童腹泻病的预防与控制提供参考资料。方法于2015年7月采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对陵水县4个乡镇413名5岁以下儿童进行入户调查,分析儿童腹泻相关因素。结果陵水农村5岁以下儿童2周内腹泻患病率为23.5%;随着年龄的增加,5岁以下儿童2周内腹泻患病率下降（χ2=17.786,P=0.000）。对饮用水不进行处理的家庭儿童2周内腹泻患病率高于对饮用水进行处理的家庭（χ2=4.152,P=0.042）;无厕所的家庭儿童2周内腹泻患病率高于有厕所的家庭（χ2=4.563,P=0.033）;厕所类型是粪坑的家庭儿童腹泻患病率最高;卫生间不清洁的家庭儿童腹泻患病率高于卫生间清洁的家庭（χ2=4.778,P=0.029）。垃圾处理方式为填埋和院内处理的家庭儿童2周内腹泻患病率较高。结论本次调查地区5岁以下儿童2周内腹泻病的患病率较高,且与家庭卫生行为和卫生条件有关。

Objective To know the relationship between diarrhea in children under five and family health behaviors, sanitary conditions in rural areas of Lingshui county, Hainan province, and to provide a reference data for the diarrheal diseases control and prevention. Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to conduct household investigation among413 children under five in 12 villages and towns of Lingshui county, Hainan province in 2015, the factors associated with diarrhea were analyzed. Results The two-week prevalence rate of diarrheaa among the children was 23.5% with a decreasing trend with age（χ2=17.786,P=0.000）. Compared with the children from the family with drinking water treatment, the two-week prevalence of diarrhea of the children from the family without drinking water treatment was higher（χ2=4.152,P=0.042）. The prevalence of diarrhea of the children from families without toilet was higher than the children from families with toilet（χ2=4.563,P =0.033）. The prevalence of diarrhea of children from the family using a cesspit was the highest. The prevalence of diarrhea of the children from families without clean toilet was higher than the children from families with clean toilet（χ2=4.778,P =0.029）. The family using landfill and disposal methods for the treatment of nosocomial presented a higher diarrhea prevalence of children. Conclusion The two-week diarrheal prevalence in children under five is still higher, it is related to family health behaviors and sanitary conditions.