智慧电表设施的节能减排效益评估

Assessment of efficiency in energy management and carbon emission reduction induced by advanced metering infrastructure

智慧电表基础设施（Advanced Metering Infrastructure,AMI）通过电力数据采集、分析和管理,可以优化电力供求平衡.由于AMI的建设需要巨额投资,如何评估AMI建成后节省的电量和减少的碳排放量是目前面临的一个挑战.本研究以香港为例,通过现场测量和分析不同地区不同环境条件下AMI的效能,同时基于研究区块类型、AMI的覆盖率、发电燃料组合结构、参与AMI的人口比例和相关价格激励机制等因素,建立了一套数学模式,量化评估AMI建成后节能减排的成效.结果显示,只要超过70%的人口参与,就可以实现香港政府原先制定的减少碳排放量19%~33%的目标.

Advanced metering infrastructure （AMI） was a architecture with real-time two-way communications that used digital technology to monitor and manage the delivery of electricity from generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users. The goal of an AMI was to provide utility companies with real-time data about power consumption and allow customers to make informed choices about energy usage based on the price at the time of use. Since the rollout of AMI was a heavy investment, a cost benefit analysis and an impact assessment should be carried out. This paper attempted to quantify the energy saving and reduction in carbon emission benefits inherent in the AMI potential. The quantitative estimation of potential saving in electricity consumption and associated reduction in carbon emission presented were based on a survey of published results, actual field measurements of local demographics in urban and rural environmental conditions, fuel mix, and possible incentive pricing based on time of use. A mathematical model was formulated to apply sensitivity analysis against the coverage of AMI in different demographics, and respective penetrations of AMI. A case study illustrated the real world application of the energy saving estimation model to Hong Kong environment. For more than 70% population participated in AMI, the emission reduction target of 19%-33% planned by Hong Kong Government could be achieved. The methodology presented in this paper could serve as a reference model in implementing AMI in other cities.