航空器蜚蠊侵害特征及风险因素的研究

Surveillance Study of Cockroach Infestation in Aircraft: Prevalence and Risk Factors

目的分析探讨民航飞机蜚蠊侵害特征及风险因素,为科学防控飞机蜚蠊危害提供依据。方法2015年6月至11月,按分层随机抽样原则,对3家航空公司89架飞机进行蜚蠊密度监测、种群鉴定及体外病原菌分离鉴定。运用logistic回归模型分析飞机蜚蠊侵害的影响因素。结果民航飞机蜚蠊侵害率为29.7%-84.2%,蜚蠊密度M（IQR）值为0-0.73只/屋（0-1.00只/屋）,3家航空公司飞机蜚蠊侵害率及密度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。飞机蜚蠊的优势种群为德国小蠊,蜚蠊体外细菌阳性检出率为100%（233/233）,共分离出9个病原菌种属。logistic回归分析显示,飞机蜚蠊侵害的危险因素为飞机灭蟑频率大于180 d（OR=15.09,P=0.000）,座舱清洁卫生差（OR=12.61,P=0.000）,无定期飞机蜚蠊监测（OR=7.50,P=0.001）,机供品及航空货运仓库蜚蠊防控差（OR=12.16,P=0.000）。结论民航飞机蜚蠊侵害率高,各航空公司飞机蜚蠊控制效果差异悬殊,是否实施定期蜚蠊监测、预防性杀灭措施、客舱清洁卫生以及机场蜚蠊防控水平是影响飞机蜚蠊侵害的关键因素。飞机蜚蠊防治对策应遵循有害生物综合防控（integrated pest management,IPM）策略,采取持之以恒综合治理措施。

Objective To supply the bases of scientific prevention and control methods,by investigating the ibroad features,prevalence and the risk factors of the cockroach infestation on airline aircraft. Methods From Jun. 2015 to Nov. 2015,a stratified random sampling method was used to select 89 aircraft from three major airlines in China. The density of cockroaches was monitored with sticky trap. Species classification and microbiological examination were conducted in the trapped cockroaches. Categorical risk factors associated with cockroach infestations was assessed with logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of cockroach infestation in civil aircraft varied from 29. 7% to 84. 2%,with density of 0 to 0. 73 roach per trap. There was significant difference in prevalence of cockroach infestation and density of cockroaches among three airlines（ P〈0. 05）. The dominant population of cockroaches were Blattella germanica. Pathogenic bacteria species were isolated from external surface of the trapped cockroaches,with 100% the positive detection rate（ 233 /233）.Cockroach infestation was positively associated with aircraft in which no cockroach monitoring was carried out（ OR = 7. 50,P = 0. 001）,time interval of control treatments applications was more than 180 d（ OR = 15. 09,P = 0. 000）,poor cabin environment（ OR = 12. 61,P = 0. 000） and negatively associated with cockroach control lever in airport freight warehouse（ OR = 12. 61,P = 0. 000） and aircraft supplies warehouse（ OR = 12. 61,P= 0. 000）. Conclusion Airline aircraft has high-risk of cockroach infestations and is significantly different in effectiveness of cockroach control. Integrated pest management（ IPM） strategies should include periodically cockroach monitoring and persistent control measures for aircraft and airport.