杏树晚霜冻综合防控新技术

The New Technology of Apricot Frost Disaster Prevention

大范围晚霜冻受强冷气流降温和强烈辐射冷却等多因素影响,防控难度较大。在传统防霜技术的基础上,笔者发明了"精确测报霜冻温度(±0.1℃)变化+化学燃料块升温"综合防控霜冻技术,即采用实用新型专利(ZL2006 2 0128137.6)——"便携式自动防霜报警仪"进行田间霜冻温度变化监控并报警;并采用发明专利(ZL2013 1 0003313.8)——"锯末燃料块+型煤块"实施组合燃烧放热,以提高霜冻时杏园温度,从而有效防控杏树晚霜危害。试验结果表明:报警仪温度探头工作稳定,能够连续、精确测定杏园温度;组合燃料点燃后,能够释放大量烟雾,降低杏园能见度,显著提高杏园温度。每公顷240个燃料点能够提高杏园温度1.53~2.15℃,每公顷375个燃料点能够提高杏园温度3.10~4.40℃,显著降低杏花受冻率,具有明显的防霜冻效果。

Wide range late frost is a complex process, affected by strong cold air flow, intense radiation coolingand other factors, causing a lot of difficulties to prevent and control it. On the basis of traditional Chinese frostprevention technology（according to the weather forecast or experience of weather and fuel fumes）, the authorsinvented an instrument that could forecast the temperature accurately（±0.1℃） and chemical fuel block thatcould arise temperature to prevent frost. The authors used Chinese utility model patent（ZL2006 2 0128137.6）portable automatic frost prevention alarming device for the field temperature monitoring and alarm, andChinese invention patent（ZL2013 1 0003313.8） products（sawdust fuel block and briquette burning） toimprove orchard temperature in the frost day. The results showed that： the operation of the alarming deviceprobes was stable, and could measure the temperature of the apricot continuously and accurately. Thecomposite fuel block would release a large amount of smoke and reduce visibility; 240 fuel points/hm^2 couldimprove apricot orchard temperature by 1.53-2.15℃, and 375 fuel points/hm^2 could improve apricot orchard temperature by 3.10- 4.40℃, significantly reduced the freezing rate of the flower, and thus effectivelyprevented frost damage.