野生古茶树资源主要生化成分多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Main Biochemical Components of Wild Ancient Tea Tree Resources

野生古茶树遗传多样性最为丰富,是最具有保护和研究价值的初级茶树种质资源。以23份野生古茶树资源为供试材料,采摘夏梢1芽2叶制备蒸青茶样,进行水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸总量、咖啡碱和各儿茶素组分含量等生化成分多样性分析。结果显示：水浸出物变幅为43.65%~51.19%,高水浸出物（〉45.00%）资源有21份;茶多酚变幅为12.02%~38.60%,高茶多酚（〉25.00%）资源有16份;氨基酸变幅为1.46%~3.41%;咖啡碱变幅为2.17%~4.91%;儿茶素总量变幅为15.52%~25.89%;非酯型儿茶素变幅为5.09%~9.84%;酯型儿茶素变幅为5.02%~16.57%,其中EGCG变幅为2.87%~10.01%,高EGCG（〉8.00%）资源有4份;除茶多酚和氨基酸生化指标外,酚氨比也可以作为茶树品种适制性生化指标,初筛选出适制绿茶资源有5份,红绿茶兼制资源有11份,适制红茶资源有7份。供试23份野生古茶树资源内含物质丰富,可以作为进一步深入研究的重要资源,也为有针对性地合理开发利用和培育茶树品种提供优良资源材料。

Wild ancient tea trees have abundant genetic diversity, and they are the primary tea tree germplasmresource with high conservation and research value. In this study, 23 accessions of wild ancient tea treeresources were selected as test materials, and summer new shoots with one bud and two leaves were picked tomake steamed samples, and then, the authors analyzed the diversity of biochemical components includingwater extract, tea polyphenols, total free amino acid, caffeine, various catechins composition and so on. Theresults showed that water extract was between the range of 43.65% to 51.19%, and there were 21 accessions ofresources that contained high water extract（〉45.00%）. The tea polyphenols content was between the range of12.02% to 38.60%, and there were 16 accessions with high tea polyphenols（〉25.00%） materials. The variationof amino acids was between the range of 1.46% to 3.41%, the caffeine was between the range of 2.17% to4.91%, the total catechins was between the range of 15.52% to 25.89%, the non-esters catechins was betweenthe range of 5.09% to 9.84%, the esters-catechins was between the range of 5.02% to 16.57%, and the EGCGvariation was between the range of 2.87% to 10.01%, with 4 high EGCG（8.00%） accessions of resources.Except the tea polyphenols and the amino acid, the phenol ammonia could also be used as a biochemical indexof tea varieties＇ processing suitability. In the primary selection, 5 accessions of resources were optimum tomake green tea, 11 were optimum to make black and green tea, and 7 were optimum to make black tea. The 23 accessions of the tested wild ancient tea tree resources contained abundant biochemical components, and couldbe used as important resources for a further in-depth study, as well as for a targeted development of tea varietycultivation.