对外直接投资如何影响了母国就业？--基于中国微观企业数据的研究

How Does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Affect Home-country Employment: Based on China's Micro-level Enterprises Database

在中国对外直接投资规模迅猛增长的背景下,本文研究了中国企业对外直接投资对国内就业的影响。论文从理论上分析了不同投资动机的对外直接投资对母国就业的影响机制,然后利用微观企业层面数据,经验研究了中国企业对外直接投资对母公司就业人数的影响。结果表明,中国企业对外直接投资对国内就业产生了显著的正向促进作用。同时企业对外直接投资次数越多,对国内就业的促进也越明显。其促进效应并不受企业所有制类型、投资目的地收入水平的影响。不同投资动机类型对就业的影响存在一定差异:企业资源寻求型对外直接投资对母公司的就业效应受行业类别的影响,而水平型对外直接投资和垂直型对外直接投资对母公司的就业效应,受投资目的地国家收入水平、中间品进出口以及最终品进出口的影响。

In the context of rapidly growing Chinese enterprises＇ OFDI, this paper theoretically and empirically analyzes the influence of OFDI to Chinese domestic employment. The theoretical models are built to analyze the influence mechanism by which OFDI impact domestic employment. The empirical results show that OFDI of Chinese enterprises has a significant and positive impact on domestic employment. Meanwhile, the more times enterprises invest, the more labors that the parent company will employ. The impact is robust to enterprises＇ ownership types and the income levels of investment destination. Different investment motivations have different impact on employment. The effect produced by enterprises＇ resource-seeking OFDI to employment of its parent company is affected by industry classification, and the effect produced by enterprises＇ horizontal and vertical OFDI to its parent company＇s employment is affected by income levels, import and export of intermediate product and final product.