国际贸易中油品进货损耗主要影响因素及控制

Influencing factors and control measures for petroleum purchase losses in international trade

针对国际贸易中油品采购或转仓进货产生油品损耗,加之国际石油贸易中国家(地区)间的诚信程度、计量交接方式、计量单位、硬件条件、计量标准解释以及执行上的差异等问题导致。剖析了当前国际贸易中,在发货港装油、油船运输、卸货港卸油3个环节中影响油品进货损耗的主要因素,包括发货环节的发油密度、温度、体积,油轮运输环节的船容积表、油轮计量和海面波动等,卸油环节的岸罐油品密度、收油体积、收油温度,据此提出了从源头上减少损耗的控制措施。运用上述方法可加强进货环节的油品损耗控制,对于保障企业的经济利益具有现实意义。

In international petroleum trade, during purchase and transfer from an intermediate terminal of petroleum products, petroleum loss may occur. Besides, there are differences between trading countries/regions in integrity, modes of metering/delivery, units of measurement, hardware conditions, as well as interpretation and implementation of measurement standards. In this paper, major controlling factors for such losses are identified in three processes, namely, loading at the departure port, transportation and discharging at the destination. In the loading process, the density, temperature and volume of petroleum are major factors; in the ship transportation process, volume table, ship metering and fluctuations of sea level are major factors; in the discharging process, petroleum density of ashore tanks, volume and temperature of recovery petroleum are major factors. Proper control measures are proposed to minimize such losses from the source. Application of these measures may minimize losses in petroleum purchase and the research result has practical significance for guaranteeing the economic benefit of enterprises. （12 References）