真核细胞翻译起始因子5A与人类疾病关系的研究进展

Progress of the relationship between eukaryotic initiation factor 5A and human diseases

真核生物体内普遍存在一种蛋白质翻译起始因子叫真核细胞翻译起始因子5A（eIF5A），它是已知的唯一含有翻译后修饰赖氨酸Hypusine的蛋白质。有证据表明，在真核细胞内，eIF5A参与翻译、肽链延长和刺激肽键形成的过程，同时，eIF5A也参与许多人类疾病发生、发展的关键步骤。eIF5A的活化对于eIF5A产生相关生物作用必不可少，活化状态的eIF5A能参与疟原虫的生长，同时对于人类恶性肿瘤也有促进其增殖的作用。而在艾滋病和糖尿病中，eIF5A可以结合特殊序列的mRNA作为一个核输出蛋白穿梭于细胞核和细胞质之间。基于以上这些发现，越来越多的研究开始关注eIF5A，并把抑制eIF5A活化视为一个治疗相关人类疾病的方向。

Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A （eIF5A）, which is ubiquitous in the eukaryote, is the unique protein containing the special lysine hypusine. There are evidences show that eIF5A is involved in the pro- gress of translation, peptide elongation and peptide bond formation, and takes part in the occurrence and de- velopment of various human diseases. The activation of eIFSA is essential to its biological function. The ac- tive eIF5A is involved in the growth of plasmodium and contributes to tumor proliferation. And it can act as nuclear output protein to integrate special mRNA, and in this way the special mRNA can shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Basing on these findings, the scientists pay more attention to eIF5A, and deem it as a direction to cure some related human diseases.