两种玉米的生产水足迹研究

Production Water Footprint of Two Maize Varieties

为了提高水资源的利用效率,并为农产品生产水足迹科学系统的核算提供依据,在云南农业大学试验农场,利用小区试验,分别测定和计算了青贮玉米曲晨9号和常规玉米云瑞88号的经济产量、生物量生产水足迹。结果表明,(1)2012、2013年曲晨9号玉米的经济产量生产水足迹分别为0.505 4、0.536 5 m^3/kg,生物量生产水足迹分别为0.218 5、0.193 8 m^3/kg;云瑞88号玉米的经济产量生产水足迹分别为0.447 6、0.448 8 m^3/kg,生物量生产水足迹分别为0.223 3、0.206 4 m^3/kg。(2)2种玉米的生产灰水量占总用水量的26%左右,应注重科学合理施肥,降低灰水足迹,提高水资源利用效率,降低面源污染。(3)2种玉米的经济产量生产水足迹有较大差别,但生物量生产水足迹比较接近,应针对不同类型的玉米,采用不同的计算指标。对以收获籽粒为主的常规玉米,应按经济产量生产水足迹来计算,对收获生物量为主的青贮玉米,应以生物量生产水足迹来计算;在不考虑具体的品种时,用生物量生产水足迹衡量比用经济产量生产水足迹衡量更合理。

Study on production water footprint of maize was launched in order to provide the basis for the scien- tific system accounting of the water footprint of agricultural products, and to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. The economic yield and biomass production water footprint of maize were measured and calcu- lated respectively by plot contrast test in the experimental farm of Yunnan Agricultural University. The results showed that （1） The economic yield water footprint of Quchen 9 maize in 2012 and 2013 were 0.505 4, 0.536 5 m3/kg, the biomass water footprint were 0.218 5 and 0.193 8 m3/kg, the economic yield water footprint of Runrui 88 maize were 0.447 6 and 0.448 8 m3/kg, the biomass water footprint were 0.223 3 and 0.206 4 m3/kg, respective- ly. （2） The amount of grey water was around 26% of the total water consumption. Fertilization and pesticides should be decreased to reduce the grey water footprint, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and reduce the non-point source pollution. （3）There was a great difference in the economic yield water footprint, but no difference in the biomass water footprint with two maize varieties, so different types of calculation should be used for different maize types. The economic yield water footprint should be calculated for the harvest corn, and the biomass water footprint for the harvest biomass should be calculated. It is more reasonable to measure the bio- mass water footprint than the economic yield water footprint when the specific maize varieties are not considered,