家庭视角乡村人口城镇化迁居决策特征与机制--基于武汉的调研

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MICRO-MECHANISMS OF RURAL RESIDENTS' MIGRATION DECISION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FAMILY: BASED ON THE FIELD SURVEY IN WUHAN

乡村人口是城镇化进程中的主要微观行为主体,务实深入地研究他们行为决策的特征与机制,是制定合理的城镇化政策的基础。家庭是社会最基本的构成单元,家庭整体的综合理性是乡村人口进行迁居决策的主要基础。基于家庭单元的人口城镇化研究价值日益凸显。梳理武汉市域外围乡村地区的实地调研成果,构建基于家庭的分析框架,重点对不同家庭结构的行为选择特征进行机制解释。发现武汉所代表的中部大都市外围乡村家庭的迁居意愿总体较低,多数家庭通过代际间或夫妻间分工、劳动力近距离流动维持城乡二元兼业模式,家庭成员的行为选择相互补偿,共同追求家庭发展的均衡稳定,半城镇化模式是乡村人口长期理性选择下的均衡模式。城镇化政策的制定要打破这一均衡,必须立足家庭整体理性,顺应家庭聚合发展的总体趋势。

Rural residents are the main micro action body in the process of urbanization. It is the foundation for rational urbanization policy-making to deepen the research on the characteristics and mechanism of their migration decision. Family is the most basic social unit, and its comprehensive rationality as a whole is the main basis for rural residents to make the migration decision. The value of the research on population urbanization based on family has been increasingly remarkable. Through analyzing the primary data from the field survey in rural areas of Wuhan, this paper tries to build a family-based analysis framework, with its emphasis placed on making mechanism explanations on the behavior choice of families with different structures. This paper finds that the migration willingness is generally low for the families in peripheral rural areas of metropolitan cities in Central China as represented by Wuhan. Most families choose to maintain urban-rural concurrent business behavior and keep off-farm income by way of division of work between generations or couples and shortening the movement of household labor force. Meanwhile, the decisions of family members are complementary, which aim to pursuit family equilibrium and stability. Overall, it is a long-time rational choice of rural residents that shape the relatively balanced state of semi-urbanization. The making of urbanization policies has to break this balanced state, which must be based on thmily comprehensive rationality and comply with the general trend of family integrated development.