海洋生物中抗氧化酶的研究进展

The research progress of antioxidant enzymes in marine organisms

自由基是带有不成对电子的原子、分子、离子或原子团,许多外源因素如紫外辐射、环境毒物、高温、低氧等胁迫均会刺激细胞产生大量自由基,从而引起细胞的过氧化损伤。为了避免自由基引起的细胞损伤,防止氧化压力造成机体的疾病及死亡,海洋动物自身形成了一个有效的抗氧化防御系统,包括由超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GPx)、硫氧还蛋白(TRx)与硫氧还蛋白过氧化酶(TPx)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GST)等组成的抗氧化酶系统以及非抗氧化酶系统。本文主要阐述抗氧化酶的来源、分布与分类,理化性质以及海洋生物中抗氧化酶的研究进展,为其应用前景提供理论依据。

Free radicals refer to an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons. Many envi- ronmental stimuli, including ultraviolet light, environmental toxins, and hyperthermia, generate high level of free radicals, which leads to cellular oxidative damage. In order to avoid cellular oxidative damage and prevent disease and death caused by oxidative stress, marine organisms develop an effective defense system. The antioxidant system of mollusks includes enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase （ SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, thioredoxin peroxidase （TPx）, peroxide enzyme （POD）, glutathione- S -transferase （GST） and non -enzymatic antioxidants. This article focuses on the research progress of antioxidant enzymes on the sources, distribution and classification as well as the proper- ties, which provides the theoretical basis for its application and prospect.