三重身份视阈下的冷战后德国安全战略研究

Germany's Security Strategy after the End of the Cold War: An Analysis from the Perspective of Its Three Identities

德国国家身份、欧盟核心国身份和北约成员国身份从不同角度共同对德国安全战略的制定和执行产生重要影响。冷战结束后,德国在安全战略目标上,由服务于西方阵营安全以及寻求民族和国家统一,转变为维护德国和欧洲安全,争取在国际事务中发挥领导作用;在安全观念上,以新的视角看待国家主权,认识到世界多极化趋势,逐渐接受综合安全观;在安全手段上,完善国家安全决策机制,重视发挥综合国力的作用。德国依托欧盟加强自身安全,并扩大在欧洲和世界的影响力。欧盟经济一体化和政治联盟的发展一方面使欧洲国家相互依存强化,成为德国安全战略的依托;另一方面,欧盟正成为世界一极,提升了德国在世界政治、安全事务中的地位。德国依托北约维系跨大西洋伙伴关系,作为北约成员国参加北约框架下的军事行动和战争行动,利用北约应对非传统安全威胁。德国安全战略未来将重视内外复合安全和欧洲一体化建设,为国际社会做贡献,实行全方位外交战略,发展与新兴大国关系。

All the three identities,that is,the national identity,the identity as one of the EU's corestates and that of one of the NATO's members,have important impacts on the formulating and implementing of Germany's security strategy. Since the end of the Cold War,the aim of Germany's security strategy has been transformed from serving the West's security interests and seeking for national and state reunification to maintaining security in Germany and Europe and striving for the leadership in international affairs. Germany has turned to treat national sovereignty from new perspectives and gradually accepted the conceptof comprehensive security,with an emphasis on improving its national security decision-making mechanism based on the comprehensive national power. Germany has been relying on the EU to reinforce its own security and expand its influence in Europe and the world. At the same time,Germany relies on the NATO to maintain the transatlantic partnership and deal with the non-traditional security threats. In the future,Germany's security strategy would lay more emphasis on the security complex and the European integration and on developing its relationships with the emerging powers.