不同生育期温度逆境处理对早稻产量的影响

Effect of Temperature on Early Rice Yield at Different Growth Stages

为研究温度逆境对水稻的响应,采用盆栽种植的方法,在早稻分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期,利用人工智能气候室,通过不同时期的温度逆境处理,分析其对早稻产量及构成。结果表明：生物量表现为低温〉中温〉高温,灌浆期〉孕穗期〉分蘖期处理;分蘖期和孕穗期的温度变化对有效穗影响较大,灌浆期的温度变化对有效穗基本无影响;孕穗期进行温度处理对结实的影响最明显,且高温会显著降低结实率;孕穗期高温处理显著降低千粒重,其余各时期温度处理的千粒重差异不显著;单株产量表现为低温〉中温〉高温,灌浆期处理〉分蘖期处理〉孕穗期处理,孕穗期高温处理的产量最低,较同时期低温处理减少26.80%～42.46%,较同时期中温处理减少21.16%～36.22%。试验表明,高温对早稻产量及产量构成影响最大,3个时期中,孕穗期是早稻产量及产量构成的最敏感时期。

In order to provide a scientific basis for the study on responses of rice to temperature stress, theeffect of temperature on rice yield at different growth stages was investigated. A 7-day temperature controlexperiment was conducted in artificial intelligence climatic chamber by the method of pot culture, the effect oftemperature on rice yield and its components were observed in tillering stage, booting stage and the fillingstage. The results showed that the biomass followed the order of low temperature middle temperature hightemperature and filling stage booting stage tillering stage; the change of temperature had great effect onproductive panicle in tillering stage and booting stage, and had little effect on productive panicle in fillingstage; temperature control had the most obvious effect on grain forming in booting stage, and high temperaturecaused the reduction of grain forming percentage; high temperature reduced thousand seed weight in bootingstage, and the difference was not significant in other stages; yield of per plant followed the order of lowtemperature middle temperature high temperature and filling stage tillering stage booting stage, hightemperature treatment had the lowest yield in booting stage, which was reduced by 26.80% to 42.46% and21.16% to 36.22% in comparing with that of low temperature treatment and middle temperature treatment inthe same stage respectively. The results indicated that high temperature had the greatest effect on early riceyield and yield components, and the booting stage was the most sensitive stage.