不同穗型水稻品种剑叶光合速率、产量及品质的差异

Difference of Flag Leaf Photosynthetic Rate, Yield and Quality Among Different Panicle-type Rice Varieties

旨在探明穗型对水稻产量和品质的影响。以半直立穗型‘新稻22’和弯曲穗型‘黄金晴’水稻品种为材料,在不同氮肥处理下研究其叶片光合、产量和品质的差异。结果表明,不同氮肥处理下水稻剑叶光合速率随生育进程均呈先降低后升高再下降的变化趋势,灌浆初期,两穗型品种光合速率均显著下降,弯曲穗型下降幅度明显高于半直立穗型穗型,平均下降幅度分别为54.93%、19.37%;最大光合速率表现为半直立穗型高于弯曲穗型,平均高7.46%。半直立穗型产量高于弯曲穗型,且达到最高产量生产力的氮素水平不同,半直立穗型在225 kg/hm^2氮素处理达最大,弯曲穗型在262.5 kg/hm^2氮素处理达最大。糙米率和精米率,半直立穗型高于弯曲穗型,而同一类型不同氮肥处理间差异较小;垩白粒率和垩白度,弯曲穗型显著高于半直立穗型;食味值,弯曲穗型低于半直立穗型。说明弯曲穗型水稻外观和口感均劣于半直立穗型。以上结果综合表明,半直立穗型需氮量低、及产量和品质优于弯曲穗型,半直立穗型可以作为水稻株型育种的主要形态指标,并通过减氮栽培可以实现产量和品质的协同提高。

The objective was to investigate the influence of panicle type on yield and quality of rice. The semierect panicle- type‘Xindao 22＇and curved panicle- type‘Huang Jinqing＇was used as materials. Thedifferences of photosynthetic, yield and quality were studied under different nitrogen treatments. The resultsshowed that the change trend of the flag leaf photosynthetic rate decreased at first, then rose and thendecreased under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments during rice growing process. At the early grain-fillingstage, the photosynthetic rate of the two spike type cultivars all decreased significantly, and the decline rangeof curved panicle type was significantly higher than that of the semi erect panicle type, the average declinerange was 54.93% and 19.37%, respectively. The maximum photosynthetic rate of the semi erect panicle typewas averagely 7.46% higher than that of the curved panicle type. The yield of semi erect panicle was higherthan that of curved panicle. The nitrogen levels reached the highest yield productivity in the two rice types weredifferent.‘Xindao 22＇and‘Huang jinqing＇reached the maximum yield under 225 kg/hm^2 and 262.5 kg/hm^2 nitrogen level, respectively. Semi erect panicle type was higher than that of the curved panicle type in brownrice rate and milled rice rate, and the difference among different nitrogen treatments in the same type was less.The percentage of chalk grain and the degree of chalk of the curved panicle type was higher than that of thesemi erect panicle type, and lower than the semi erect panicle type in the taste value. It was illustrated that theappearance and taste quality of the curved panicle type rice were inferior to semi erect panicle type. Based onthe above results, the semi erect panicle type had low nitrogen requirement, and better yield and quality incomparing with the curved panicle type, which indicated that the semi erect panicle type could be the mainmorphological index of rice in plant type-breeding, at the same time, the cultivation with decreasing nitrogencould improve the yield and quality in synergy.